Defaqto exclusive guide

car insurance 

About this guide

Last updated 8/28/2008

Guide to buying car insurance

Buying the cheapest car insurance could be the most expensive insurance you ever buy, if you are not covered when you come to make a claim.

The first thing to decide when you are buying motor insurance is what type of cover you require– ‘third party, ‘third party, fire and theft’ or ‘comprehensive.’

Comprehensive insurance


Comprehensive insurance covers third party, fire and theft risks, plus:

  • accidental damage to your vehicle
  • malicious damage to your vehicle
  • personal accident
  • medical expenses, up to a certain limit
  • loss of, or damage to, personal property inside your vehicle, to a certain limit
  • new for old replacement in the first year
  • glass replacement (windscreen, sunroof and windows).

Third party only is the minimum legal requirement. However, more and more people are opting for Comprehensive cover. A Comprehensive policy gives much more cover in unforeseen events.

Check the cover that is relevant for your needs. If you have children, child car seat cover can be important to you. If you do not have access to alternative transport, a courtesy car is invaluable while your car is being repaired.

There is also the chance that when you are out shopping, you come back to find your car damaged by another car or by vandalism. These incidents are frustrating and upsetting. This is where having Comprehensive cover means that the associated costs are covered by your insurance.

Unfortunately, there is also the risk of being involved in an accident with an uninsured driver. Unless your policy provides Comprehensive insurance, the damage to your car is not covered and you will have to pay for the repairs.

One thing to watch out for is the excess that you may have to pay towards the cost of repair to your car.  For example, if you have a £500 excess, you have to pay £500 towards the cost of repair. When looking to purchase your policy, pay particular attention towards the policy excesses. This ensures that if you have to claim, there are no nasty surprises for you.

These are just some of the considerations that you want to check when looking for the right insurance. Remember “Buying Car Insurance on price alone can be the most expensive purchase you make”. Always check the cover that is relevant to you.  We have given some examples of typical covers under a Car Insurance policy. By using our Compare tool, you can check what each Comprehensive Car policy covers. Always check with your insurer to confirm the exact cover provided by the policy.

Third party insurance

Third party is the minimum level of compulsory car insurance. The first two parties are the insurance company and the driver. Third party insurance covers your liabilities in respect of:

  • injuries to others (ie to your passengers and individuals outside your car).
  • damage to someone else’s property (for example, a third party's car, but not your own vehicle).

Third party, fire and theft covers the third party risks mentioned above, plus theft, and damage to your own vehicle caused by fire and attempted theft.

New for old insurance

Many comprehensive policies provide 'new-for-old' insurance that replaces your car with a new vehicle of the same make and model, if it is written-off, or stolen and not found. Your car must be under 12 months old and you must be the first and only registered owner.

When you buy a new car, the dealer will probably offer you 'gap insurance' for (typically) three years. The 'gap' is the difference between the value of the vehicle as new and its written-down value immediately prior to the accident, which would be the basis of an insurance company's settlement.

While gap insurance will overlap with new-for-old cover in the first year, it may be worthwhile if the value of your car is likely to depreciate considerably in the first three  years.

How are premiums calculated?

The premium level depends on the type of cover selected (i.e. third party, third party fire and theft or comprehensive), the proportion of each and every claim you are prepared to pay (the 'excess'), the value of the vehicle and your risk profile as a driver.

Factors which will influence the level of your premium are:

  • driver's age
  • driver's experience and driving record
  • driver's occupation
  • age, experience and record of others who will be allowed to drive the vehicle
  • value of the vehicle and its insurance group
  • intended level of usage of the vehicle (e.g. daily commuting, business, commercial traveling, social domestic and pleasure, night time driving)
  • where the vehicle is kept at night (i.e. on the street, in a driveway, in a garage)
  • fitted security devices (e.g. steering wheel lock, immobiliser, alarm, tracker).

In recent years, premium setting has become much more sophisticated, with some insurers rating car owners according to their post code and annual mileage.

Compulsory and voluntary excess


The 'compulsory excess' is the portion of a claim that you must pay for each and every claim. For example, if your claim is for £500, you might have to pay the first £100 as excess, while the insurer pays out £400. Insurers set the compulsory excess according to the type of car and your age.

Glass replacement (windscreen, sunroof and side windows) is subject to its own compulsory excess (typically £50) and  these claims have no effect on your No Claims Bonus.

One way of keeping premiums down is to agree to a 'voluntary excess' over and above your compulsory excess. For example, you agree to a voluntary excess of £50 on top of a £100 compulsory excess. This means that you agree to meet the first £150 of each and every claim.

No claims bonus


A motor insurance policy is an annually renewable contract. A No Claims Bonus is a reward for not claiming on the policy during the past 12 months. The bonus level rises for each consecutive 12 month period in which you have not made a claim, and is transferable if you switch to another insurer.

The bonus is received as a discount on the basic premium at annual renewal. You usually need to be claim-free for five years to receive the maximum discount which varies between insurers, but is typically around 65 per cent.

The insurance company may offer you a 'protected' no claims bonus once you have been claim-free for a given number of years (typically four), for a small extra premium. This means that any claims made during the policy year will not affect your No Claims Bonus at renewal.

Partial protection is also available, whereby you are allowed a limited number of claims (for example, two claims in five years) before you lose your No Claims Bonus.

Personal belongings cover

Your clothing and personal belongings, such as coats, handbags, CDs and tapes  are typically covered up to £150, against loss or damage by fire, theft, attempted theft or damage caused by a car accident, whilst in, or on, your car.

Tips on how to keep your car premiums low

  • drive a smaller and less powerful car
  • park your car overnight in a garage or on your driveway
  • fit a steering wheel lock, alarm, immobiliser or tracker system
  • keep your mileage low and avoid night time driving. High mileage motorists and those who drive at night are more likely to have accidents
  • keep a record of your mileage so that you don't overpay
  • keep additional named drivers to a minimum
  • increase your voluntary excess.
  • Don’t make small claims which might damage your no claims bonus.
  • drive carefully!

 

Finally, disclose all relevant information on your application form or you could invalidate your policy. 

TIP

If you are a young driver, you may be able to reduce your premiums by completing a Pass Plus course.

TIP

When buying a new car, try to negotiate a year’s free insurance which could save you hundreds of pounds, especially if you are a young driver.

Market segmentation

Insurers like to segment the market into different categories such as young drivers, women drivers, older drivers, parents, students and so on.

Certain groups may benefit from their low claims record. Women of all ages, despite all the sexist jokes about them being poor drivers, make fewer claims than men. The same applies to older drivers of both sexes.

Parents are another group that insurers like to segment, with some providing cover for child car seats and other children’s equipment.

Young drivers, particularly the under 25s, are likely to the steepest premiums because of the higher level of claims they tend to make, particularly for serious accidents.  That said, some insurers are starting to treat younger drivers on an individual basis, rather than tarring them all with the same brush.

Shopping online

Half of all car insurance is now sold online which has served to drive down premiums as internet sales are easier to make and cheaper to administer.

TIP

That said, make sure the quotation you saw online is the same as the one you receive in the post – definitions, the premium and the period of insurance cover may have changed, so be sure to check the small print carefully before signing up.

What extras are on offer?

Some insurers provide lock replacement as an extra. You may also want to see whether your insurer will add overnight accommodation cover in case you are involved in an accident or have your car stolen, when you are a long way from home.

If you are likely to do a lot of overseas driving, you should alert your insurance company to this and see what cover it can provide.

The majority of car insurers offer a courtesy car if you have an accident or if your car is stolen, but you can sacrifice these extras for cheaper cover.

Making a claim

If you need to make a claim, there is normally a hotline you can call to obtain advice and authorisation for repairs to be done. An insurer’s recommended repairers will usually do the work straightaway.

With a straightforward claim, an insurer may pay out immediately. But for more expensive or complex claims, it may send an inspector from the company to investigate, or a third party ‘loss adjuster’ to handle the claim on its behalf.

If you wish to appoint someone to negotiate with the insurance company on your behalf, you will need to appoint a ‘loss assessor.’

Legal cover

You may be offered legal cover to pay legal bills of typically £25,000-£50,000 if you became involved in litigation due to a car accident.

By taking this option, a firm of solicitors (usually of your insurance company’s choice) will defend you in personal liability cases (where you have caused injury to someone else or their property), or help you claim compensation for personal injury.

Breakdown insurance may also be on offer (particularly important if you drive abroad), although if you are buying a new car, you may have one year’s roadside assistance cover thrown in for free.

TIP

If you are accident prone, legal cover may be worthwhile.

TIP

If you have high mileage, breakdown cover is essential, but check that you don’t have cover already under another financial product. A number of premier bank accounts and platinum/gold credit cards provide roadside cover as a freebie, but check that what’s on offer is sufficient for your needs.

How can I reduce my premiums?

There are a number of ways that you can knock hundreds of pounds off your premiums. Some of these will not cost you a thing, while others will mean a little bit of investment in your vehicle:

  • install an alarm
  • don’t go over the top with the extras. Stylish features mean higher premiums
  • if you don’t think you will need a courtesy car or you  have roadside assistance already, ask for these to be removed and the premium reduced accordingly
  • avoid driving at night
  • keep your car in a garage or off the street at night

Courtesy cars

If your car is going to be in the garage for a while, will you have a courtesy car throughout that time? Similarly, if your car is written off, will a courtesy car be available until you get a new one?

Useful contacts

The Financial Services Authority: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/

Association of British Insurers (ABI): http://www.abi.org.uk/

The Financial Ombudsman Service (for complaints): http://www.financial-ombudsman.org.uk/

The British Insurance Brokers Association (BIBA): http://www.biba.org.uk/