Defaqto exclusive guide

investments 

About this guide

Last updated 9/2/2008

Online stock broking

With dozens of online share dealing services to choose from, budding online share dealers are spoilt for choice.

But which you should choose will depend largely on what you want to trade and how frequently.

So before you select a stockbroking service, decide what you intend to trade in?

UK

shares

All stock broking services deal in London Stock Exchange (LSE) and Alternative Investment Market (AIM) stocks, and are settled via CREST, the share settlement company. Most online services will automatically hold your shares in a nominee account, rather than in a certificated format.

An increasing number of services enable you to deal in foreign equities as well, although these are usually restricted to US and European exchanges. A range of overseas shares now trade through the LSE's International Retail Service (IRS), which are quoted in sterling and settled in CREST.

Margin products

You can routinely trade margin products online alongside your share trades. Margin products include:

  • Futures ( www.odlsecurities.com/,us.etrade.com/e/t/home)
  • Options (http://www.odlsecurities.com/
  • Traditional warrants – available from Sharedeal, ETrade, Halifaxsharedealing.com, Hargreaves Lansdown, Hoodless Brennan, Odl Securities, Stocktrade, TD Waterhouse
  • Covered warrants –available with Comdirect, Etrade, iDealing, Odl Securities, TD Waterhouse and The Share Centre.
  • Contracts for Difference or CFDs (Interactive Investor, Barclays, ETrade,, iDealing, Odl Securities, Self Trade, TD Waterhouse)
  •  Spread Betting (TD Waterhouse, ODL Markets, TradIndex.com, mfGlobalspreads.com, cityindex.co.uk

Margin products require you to put down a deposit, which is a small percentage of the underlying value of the trade. This is called the 'margin.'

Collective Funds: investment trust, units trusts and Oeics

  • Investment trusts are companies which invest in other companies’ shares and are traded just like any other share. For more details, read our Guide to Investment Trusts.
  •  Many online share dealing services run ‘fund supermarkets' where you can buy and sell unit trusts and Oeics, with a discount on initial charges.
  •  Exchange Traded Funds or ETFs, despite their name are actually shares which mirror an index for a group of shares or other assets. For more, read our Guide to Exchange Traded Funds.  Dealers trading ETFs include Halifax, HSBC, iDealing, IWeb, Self Trade, ThisisMoney, 7 Investment Management and The Share Centre.

Self select tax sheltered accounts

Self select ISAs: about half of share dealing services offer a self select ISA service so check availability;

PEP transfers: only around 50 per cent of stockbrokers allow you to transfer in old Pep accounts.

Self Invested Personal Pensions (Sipps): In most cases, the broker sub contracts the Sipp administration to an outside agency and just supplies the share dealing facilities itself.

What quotation and dealing services are available?

Virtually all online share dealing services provide 'straight through processing' (STP), whereby you receive your price quotes from the market via your broker. However, there are several different types of quotation and dealing service:

Real-time snapshot quotes

Snapshot quotes (also known as “html” quotes) are held for a fixed period of time (normally. 15 seconds). If you fail to accept the price within this time, the quote lapses and you have to request a new one from the broker.

A number of services like Barclays operate 'price improvement services' which improve upon the price for you if it moves in your favour while the quote is being held. Shares that are bought and sold on the basis of real time price snapshots are said to be dealt 'at quote.'

Live Streaming Prices

Live streaming price quotes (or 'Java' quotes) are not held at all. Prices change simultaneously with those on the exchange. You deal by hitting the trade icon when the price comes within your range. Deals are executed 'at best'. What you see is what you get.

Dealing at live streaming prices is available through day trader orientated services like myBroker, Power Etrade and TD Waterhouse Pro Trader.

Indicative Quotes

With some services, the price you choose to buy at is not necessarily the price you get. Such deals are said to be executed 'at best,' namely, your broker obtains the best price he can.

Automated Dealing

An alternative to dealing at real time snapshots or live, streaming prices is to programme automated trades that are executed when prices hit a critical level.

Limit Orders

A limit order is an instruction to execute a deal when the share achieves a given price. For example, you could give an instruction to buy a certain share if it fall to a certain level below the current market price, or to sell at a specified higher price.

Most brokers will not keep this type of order open forever. An exception is James Brearley & Sons which will hold limit orders open indefinitely.

‘Kill or fill’ limit orders are acted on at once. If the order cannot be 'filled,', it is ‘killed.’ This type of limit order is often used for instructions placed after market hours. The broker will try to execute it first thing the next day.

Good for the day’: the limit order is held open till the end of the trading day in which it is submitted. If it cannot be executed within this time, it is killed.

‘Good for 'N' days’: the limit order is held open for a given number of days (eg. 14, 30, 90). The order is executed if the price limit is reached, or killed off if it cannot be executed within the set time.

Stop orders: stop orders are instructions to buy or sell shares at pre-determined price levels. If the price moves very fast, it may not be possible to execute the stop in time:

Stop loss: an instruction to sell a stock if it falls to a given level within a set period. On iDealing, the trader sets a band, rather than a single, trigger price.

Stop buy: an instruction to buy a volume of shares, if the price hits a pre-determined  price, or band, to exploit an upward trend in the share price.

Tracking stop loss: The stop loss shadows the actual share price as it rises, and realises the gains if and when the share price turns down. This is available on The Share Centre Fastrack service.

What are the basic costs?

dealing commission as a percentage of the deal, usually with a fixed minimum and maximum. This is good for larger deals, but clearly poor value for smaller deals; or

flat dealing fee:  usually accompanied by an account fee (Egg, iDealing, Fidelity ShareNetwork), although a few brokers charge flat-rate commissions and zero account fees like Hoodless Brennan and Alliance Trust Savings.

frequent trader rates: these may apply if you execute a large number of  trades each quarter.

stamp duty: at 0.5 per cent on all purchases rounded up to the nearest 1p for CREST-settled transactions, and to the nearest £5 for non-Crest-settled stocks, plus a levy of 25p on deals above £10,000.

Setting up charges: these are variable, but some online services have no establishment fee.

Other charges

account maintenance fees: these include dividend processing, corporate actions (takeovers, mergers and acquisitions, splits), the CREST nominee facility, electronic cash transfers and record keeping.

inactivity charges:  for not trading within a specified period, usually a quarter.

stock transfers (in and out)

account closure fees

duplicate contract notes and paper valuations

research, and

probate valuations and dealing with executors.