Defaqto exclusive guide

loans

ByPam Atherton

About this guide

Last updated 10/22/2008

Credit scoring criteria

Lenders make their decisions on whether to lend to you by checking your credit history. If you are applying for a loan from your own bank it will use its own records, but it will also run a credit check to determine your creditworthiness with a credit reference agency.

If you are applying for a loan from a company where you are a new customer, they will rely on this credit check to ascertain whether you are an acceptable risk.

This is known as ‘credit scoring,’ and its basic purpose is to assess the liklihood of you defaulting on a loan repayment. 

There are very strict rules regarding information obtained from credit reference agencies to ensure that your privacy is respected. Other than in exceptional circumstances (such as suspected fraud or money laundering), information should not be disclosed without your permission. However, by making a loan application you are effectively giving permission for your credit history to be checked.

How does credit scoring work?

A lender’s credit scoring system allocates points for each item of relevant information, such as whether you are a homeowner (and for how long), your employment status, income and history of handling debt, and adds these up to produce a score.

If your score reaches a certain level, then the lender may agree to your loan request. If you do not score highly enough, your application may be rejected.

Lenders generally have their own points system, although sometimes scores are calculated by credit reference agencies and these may be used by lenders.

Keep in mind:

Lenders are not obliged to accept an application, but a refusal does not necessarily mean you are marked down as a bad risk. It simply means that based on the information available, the lender is not prepared to lend you money at that particular time. It may be that you do not fit the profile of the potential customers it is trying to attract.

However, lenders have different lending criteria and scoring systems, and so an application to another lender might prove successful. A refusal might be due to a recent change in your address or employment status.

Lending decisions are not allowed to be made on the basis of race, gender, disability, colour or religion.

What exactly is a credit reference agency?

A credit reference agency holds a large amount of information on individuals, which it takes from a variety of sources, such as banks and building societies, credit card providers, retail stores, hire purchase companies and mobile phone operators.

It also holds information from the law courts and the electoral role which will show whether you have any county court judgments or are a declared bankrupt, and that you are a council taxpayer.

Credit reference agencies are required to comply with the Consumer Credit Acts and the Data Protection Acts with regard to the nature of the information they are allowed to hold on individuals.

Each time a search is requested by a lender it will be noted on your credit file and disclosed to potential lenders in future credit checks. A lender should always inform you if a credit reference check is being carried out, and you should also be told if information about you is to be stored with a credit reference agency.

Keep in mind:

If you have had no previous credit problems, a credit check should be very straightforward and you should be eligible for the majority of unsecured loans.

However, if you have no credit history at all and this is the first time you have applied for a loan you may encounter problems with some lenders as they may prefer applicants with a track record of being able to handle debt responsibly.

Can I find out what information a credit agency holds about me?

Yes, you can obtain a copy of the information held by a credit reference agency by writing to any of the following (or by applying online) for a £2.00 fee.

Experian
Consumer Help Service, PO Box 8000
Nottingham, NG1 5GX
Telephone: 0870241 6212
http://www.experian.co.uk/

Equifax
Credit File Advice Centre, PO Box 1140,
Bradford BD1 5US
http://www.equifax.com/

Callcredit
PO Box 491
Leeds LS3 1WX
http://www.callcredit.co.uk/

What can I do if the information held on me is wrong?

Credit reference agencies should inform you as to how you can rectify any information that is incorrect.

If you dispute any information on your record, the credit reference agency will flag it as unreliable pending further investigation.

However, the quickest way to rectify it is to write to the organisation that supplied  the incorrect information, asking it to correct it.  You can also ask the organisation to correct your data with all three credit reference agencies.